Lebenserwartung, medizinischer Fortschritt und Gesundheitsausgaben: Theorie und Empirie

摘要

Over the past 50 years Germans have spent a rising share of their income on health and enjoyed substantially longer lives as a result. The rising health share can be explained by a standard economic model: As people get richer they purchase additional years of life and less additional consumption, provided that satiation occurs more rapidly in non-health consumption. The gains in life years increasingly occur late in the lifespan. As a result the incremental cost-benefit ratio of health care deteriorates: marginal costs increase as the marginal productivity of medical inputs decreases in old age while marginal benefits decrease due to a rising hazard rate. On average, medical progress is worth it. Future income growth will further increase the health share, while population ageing will only marginally affect health care expenditures.