It may be compact compared with Asia or North America, but Europe is at least as diverse as any other continent, and there is no European country that misses out on its share of cutting-edge science. Here we offer a cross-section of the best in European research: we start in the north, in Sweden, and head due south until we arrive in Sicily, picking out the most exciting places on our way and rooting out just what it is that makes them special. Some are new, others were founded centuries ago, but each has its unique formula. There is, however, one common theme: each institute fights hard in the tough international arena of science to ensure it has the pick of staff and students from around the world.
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