Risk Control Options Against Ship Collision and Grounding Accidents: A Survey of the State-of-the-Art

摘要

Risks of ship collision and grounding have historically contributed to the loss of life and property at sea, as well as for oil pollution of the marine environment. These risks can be reduced either through reduction of frequency or consequence, or both by introducing risk control options (RCOs) such as, innovative design methods, techniques and onboard systems for navigation as well as improving the human performance. This study presents a recent state-of-the-art review of risk control options introduced against ship collisions and grounding. The current RCOs are practically classified into three categories regarding to its types and natures; navigation aids and maneuverability, human behaviors and ship design modifications. According to the literature review, the latest category was the main interest of several research activities in the past decades by improving the ship sides and bottom crashworthiness to reduce ship collision and grounding risks. Finally, concluding remarks and recommendations are recorded.