Chinas national and local governments have defined various eco-indicators to promote sustainable development. Some revisions are needed to improve economic performance, environmental quality and social development. The State Council, for example, has proposed national emission-reduction targets in its latest five-year plan (2011-15), for which the eco-indicator is a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product by 40-45% in 2020 relative to 2005 levels (see go.nature.com/4k3mqo).
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