Crystalline silica, or silicone dioxide (SiO_2), is a naturally occurring mineral found in sand, stone, concrete and mortar. It is found in a wide range of products including glass, ceramics, bricks, plastics and artificial stone composites used in kitchen and bathroom benchtops. When materials containing SiO_2 are processed - by cutting, drilling, crushing, sawing, polishing or grinding - minute dust particles are created. The small particle size makes it easy to unknowingly inhale, allowing penetration deep into the lungs. Exposed workers can develop the following serious diseases and conditions: • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) including emphysema and chronic bronchitis • Kidney damage • Lung cancer • Scleroderma - a connective tissue disease • Silicosis. Silicosis is an incurable and often fatal lung disease. According to Safe Work Australia (SWA), it is further classified into acute, accelerated and chronic forms.
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