DE-EMBEDDING USING A VECTOR NETWORK ANALYZER INCLUDING CALIBRATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES

摘要

The inclusion of adapters and test fixtures in a measurement setup is often necessary even if the consequence is less accuracy. De-embedding the device characteristics has been traditionally the most effective method of minimizing the negative effects. However, the process of de-embedding has been a laborious, expensive procedure restricted to a laboratory environment. De-embedding has recently been automated to uti-,. lize the technique in both the laboratory and production environments. This article reviews S-parameter and vector network analyzer (VNA) fundamental concepts and describes the process of modeling adapters and de-embedding their effects. A summary of the advantages of using de-embedding techniques in a production environment is presented.