Concise Syntheses of (-)-Galanthamine and (±)-Codeine via Intramolecular Alkylation of a Phenol Derivative

摘要

The amaryllidaceae alkaloid (-)-galanfhamine 1 is a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and has found extensive use in the early treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Figure 1, This has caused a renewed interest in the synthesis of 1, since its extraction from the bulbs of snow drops does not supply sufficient material for the clinical evaluation of early Alzheimer's patients.