FEM tire model oriented to virtual experiment of off-road vehicle trafficability

摘要

为了评价越野车辆通过性能力,分析了胎压与轮胎刚度之间的线性关系和轮胎材料的粘弹性特性对轮胎垂向力分布的影响,提出了用系数修正胎压对刚度和有效接地面积影响提高精度的方法．推导了三参数标准线性粘弹性模型的本构关系,得到了四节点等参单元有限元的刚度矩阵,建立了轮胎平面应力状态下的有限元模型．以轮胎六分力传感器为核心构建了轮胎模型的标定和验证系统,通过试验测得了不同车速工况下的车轮垂向力．试验结果验证了所提出的轮胎模型的正确性．%In order to estimate the trafficability of off-road vehicles, the linear relationships between the pressure and the stiffness of the tire and the action of the vertical tire force with the viscoelasticity are analyzed. The method to improve the precision of the model by the coefficients is presented. The constitutive equation of the three-parameter linear model and the stiffness matrix of four-node isoparametric elements are derived to construct the FEM (finite element method) tire model in plan stress. A demarcation and verification system is designed based on the six-dimensional wheel force transducer and the vertical tire force is measured under different velocities. The results show that the model and the method proposed are reasonable.