Recovering lost hay meadows: An overview of floodplain-meadow restoration projects in England and Wales

摘要

Restoration of natural habitats plays an important role in nature conservation. After 30 years of efforts to restore species-rich floodplain meadows, most of which had been lost to alternative land uses during the preceding half century, the extent and level of restoration success in the UK remained unknown. Athree-yearsurvey of floodplain meadow-restoration projects across England and Waleswas completed from 2016to2018. Itallowed evaluation of restoration progress on 163 sites nationwide.Restoration success was measured by floristic composition, species richness and balance of functional types in plant communities. To identify factors affecting restoration success, their state prior to restoration, restoration technique, site ownership and quality of ongoing management were analysed. The survey revealed that 25 % of restoration sites demonstrated expected success, achieved mainly by private landowners. Restoration failed or showed very poor progress on another 15 % of sites, managed predominantly by public or charitable organisations. The remaining sixty percent of the sites showed some signs of improvement. The degree of restoration success showed no significant correlation to the state of the site prior to restoration, or to the restoration method applied. Ownership of the site and site management both influenced restoration success. The degree of success appeared to depend on the consistency and sufficiency of the restoration management.