The underlying theory behind the extraction of elastic modulus and hardness from the unloading load-displacement data obtained with a spherical indenter was explored in detail. A formal treatment of the effect of indenter elasticity was given, and the validity of the use of the reduced or combined modulus in analytical treatments was verified. The "Oliver and Pharr" method and the "Field and Swain" methods of analyses were compared in detail and shown to be equivalent.
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机译：详细探讨了从球形压头获得的卸载载荷-位移数据中提取弹性模量和硬度的基本理论。对压头弹性的影响进行了正式处理，并验证了在分析处理中使用减小或组合模量的有效性。详细比较了“ Oliver and Pharr”方法和“ Field and Swain”方法的分析，发现它们是等效的。
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