Progress towards interoperability seems slower than expected: what are the challenges towards finding a common way of enabling seamless ticketing in public transport?

摘要

ITSO: The European transport sector is very fragmented. Smartcard schemes to date have often related only to a single town rather than being regional or country-wide; and they often use proprietary technology that is not open to interoperability with other schemes. So our task was firstly to find whether there is a technically 'open' solution to seamless smart ticketing. And the answer is a resounding "yes"!