Fuzzy Logic Based GIS Modeling for Identification of Ground Water Potential Zones in the Jhagrabaria Watershed of Allahabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India

摘要

Water is the most vital requirement for life supporting system to mankind. Within the hydrologic cycle, groundwater represents a major portion of the earth's water circulatory system. Groundwater is an important resource required for drinking, irrigation and industrialization purpose. In India more than 74 % of rural and nearly 26 % of urban population depends on ground water for meeting their drinking and domestic requirements. Remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) now-a-days have become inevitable tools for the analysis of groundwater at local, regional and global level. It helps in integrating remotely sensed derived data with ancillary data to have more precise and accurate information about various factors involved in the ground water resources. Fuzzy logic based concepts have found a very wide range of applications in different fields viz. soil science, environmental science, earth science etc. But the method has been least used in the field of groundwater detection. The fuzzy logic allows accessing and utilizing the known components of phenomena. Fuzzy Logic provides a very precise approach for dealing with uncertainty which grows out of the complexity of human behaviour. The fuzzy membership functions assessed for overlay maps were mainly extracted from the field data. The benefit is that they don't need to conduct a new analysis, or change the rules, or the criteria, which saves time and effort. In fuzzy systems, values are indicated by a number (called a truth value) in the range from 0 to 1, where 0.0 represents absolute falseness and 1.0 represents absolute truth. While this range evokes the idea of probability, fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets operate quite differently from probability. The research paper is planned to develop a fuzzy logic based methodology for groundwater potential mapping for Jhagrabaria watershed of Shankargarh block in the Allahabad District of Uttar Pradesh State in India. The study area is covered by hard rock formations and faces acute water scarcity problem both for irrigation as well as for drinking purposes. To demonstrate the efficiency of the GIS for groundwater study, the specific objective of this study is to develop a spatial model using remote sensing and fuzzy techniques under GIS environment to predict groundwater potential zones. This study has been carried out to evaluate the groundwater potential zones in the study area. The soil and ldnduse maps were overlayed to get curve numbers as output. The geomorphology, slope and relief maps were considered as the factors.