Excessive deforestation and forest degradation have triggered a debate not only on the effectiveness of public sector forest management, but also on potential changes in forest resource tenure and institutional arrangements. Over the last 20 years, the commitment to empowering local communities, decentralizing decision making to local government units and increasing private sector involvement in forest management, has been growing. This development is paralleled by significant shifts in forest tenure and innovative institutional arrangements that are aiming at increasing the direct involvement of stakeholders in forest management.
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