Dairy products influence gut hormone secretion and appetite differently: A randomized controlled crossover trial

摘要

Little is known about how dairy products with differentnutrient contents and food matrices affect appetitesensation and gut hormone secretion. The objective ofthis study was to investigate how appetite sensationand gut hormone secretion in healthy adults are affectedby meals with the same amount of fat but fromdifferent dairy products. Forty-seven healthy adults(70% women) were recruited to a randomized controlledcrossover study with 4 dairy meals consisting of butter,cheese, whipped cream, or sour cream, correspondingto 45 g (approximately 60 energy percent) of fat.Plasma samples were collected for analysis of cholecystokinin(CCK), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptideYY (PYY), and ghrelin concentrations at 0, 2, 4, and 6h after the meals and analyzed as the incremental areaunder the curve (iAUC0–6h) in a mixed model. Hunger,satiety, and appetite sensations were measured with avisual analog scale (VAS) immediately after finishingthe meals and at 4 and 6 h postprandially. Intake ofcheese induced a higher level of plasma PP-iAUC0–6hcompared with butter or whipped cream, and a higherlevel of plasma CCK-iAUC_(0–6h) compared with whippedcream. Intake of whipped cream increased VAS appetiteat 4 h compared with cheese or sour cream, and at6 h compared with cheese or butter. No significant mealeffect was found for hunger, satiety, plasma PYY, orplasma ghrelin concentration. Intake of cheese increasedpostprandial plasma PP and CCK concentrations anddecreased appetite compared with whipped cream butnot with sour cream. These findings encourage furtherinvestigations of how different dairy products affect guthormone secretion and appetite sensation.