Effect of warping in geometric nonlinear analysis of spatial beams

摘要

Geometric nonlinear analysis of three-dimensional beams with thin -walled open sections is performed. Using the total Lagrangian formulation, the displacement field is described, and the warping degree of freedom is taken into consideration to simulate the structural behaviors of slender of curved beams with an arbitrary shape. The element stiffness constructed with the assumption of the Euler-Bernoulli theory which neglects the shear deformation is transfor- med into a global coordinate system by using the Eulerian angles.