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Stenotherms at sub-zero temperatures: thermal dependence of swimming performance in Antarctic fish

机译:零下温度下的Stenotherms:南极鱼类游泳行为的热依赖性

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We examined the burst swimming performance of two Antarctic fishes, Trematomus bernacchii and T. centronotus, at five temperatures between –1°C and 10°C. As Antarctic fishes are considered one of the most cold specialised and stenothermal of all ectotherms, we predicted they would possess a narrow thermal performance breadth for burst swimming and a correlative decrease in performance at high temperatures. Burst swimming was assessed by videotaping swimming sequences with a 50-Hz video camera and analysing the sequences frame-by-frame to determine maximum velocity, the distance moved throughout the initial 200 ms, and the time taken to reach maximum velocity. In contrast to our prediction, we found both species possessed a wide thermal performance breadth for burst swimming. Although maximum swimming velocity for both T. bernacchii and T. centronotus was significantly highest at 6°C, maximum velocity at all other test temperatures was less than 20% lower. Thus, it appears that specialisation to a highly stable and cold environment is not necessarily associated with a narrow thermal performance breadth for burst swimming in Antarctic fish. We also examined the ability of the Antarctic fish Pagothenia borchgrevinki to acclimate their burst-swimming performance to different temperatures. We exposed P. borchgrevinki to either –1°C or 4°C for 4 weeks and tested their burst-swimming performance at four temperatures between –1°C and 10°C. Burst-swimming performance of Pagothenia borchgrevinki was unaffected by exposure to either –1°C or 4°C for 4 weeks. Maximum swimming velocity of both acclimation groups was thermally independent over the total temperature range of –1°C to 10°C. Therefore, the loss of any capacity to restructure the phenotype and an inability to thermally acclimate swimming performance appears to be associated with inhabiting a highly stable thermal environment.
机译:我们检查了两种南极鱼类,贝纳Trematomus bernacchii和T. centronotus,在–1°C至10°C的五个温度下的突泳性能。由于南极鱼类被认为是所有外热中最冷的特殊和狭窄的热源之一,因此我们预测它们在爆发游泳时将具有较窄的热性能范围,并且在高温下会相应地降低性能。通过使用50 Hz摄像机对游泳序列进行录像,并逐帧分析序列来确定最大速度,在最初200毫秒内移动的距离以及达到最大速度所花费的时间,来评估突发游泳。与我们的预测相反,我们发现两种物种都具有爆发游泳的广泛热性能范围。尽管在6°C时,伯纳奇球菌和中心罗非鱼的最大游泳速度明显最高,但在所有其他测试温度下,最大游泳速度却降低了不到20%。因此,看来专门用于高度稳定和寒冷的环境并不一定与在南极鱼中突然游泳的热性能宽度窄有关。我们还检查了南极鱼类P藜(Pagothenia borchgrevinki)在不同温度下适应突发游泳性能的能力。我们在-1℃或4℃下将borchgrevinki P.暴露了4周,并在–1℃至10℃的四个温度下测试了它们的突泳性能。 Pagothenia borchgrevinki的突泳性能不受–1°C或4°C暴露4周的影响。在–1°C到10°C的总温度范围内,两个适应组的最大游泳速度在温度上都是独立的。因此,重组表型的任何能力的丧失和热适应游泳性能的缺乏似乎都与居住高度稳定的热环境有关。

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