Portrait of The Angry Decision Maker: How Appraisal Tendencies Shape Anger's Influence on Cognition

摘要

This paper reviews the impact of anger on judgment and decision making. Section Ⅰ proposes that anger merits special attention in the study of judgment and decision making because the effects of anger often diverge from those of other negative emotions. Section Ⅱ presents an Appraisal-Tendency Framework for predicting and organizing such effects. Section Ⅲ reviews empirical evidence for the uniqueness of anger's relations to judgment and decision making. Section Ⅳ connects the Appraisal-Tendency Framework to associated mechanisms and theories. Drawing on the evidence, Section Ⅴ presents the question of whether anger should be considered a positive emotion. It also proposes the hypothesis that anger will be experienced as relatively unpleasant and unrewarding when reflecting back on the source of one's anger but experienced as relatively pleasant and rewarding when looking forward. Section Ⅵ synthesizes the evidence into a new portrait of the angry decision maker.