C_(70)/C_(70)：pentacene/pentacene organic heterojunction as the connecting layer for high performance tandem organic light-emitting diodes: Mechanism investigation of electron injection and transport

摘要

A high performance tandem organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is realized by employing a C_(70)/C_(70):pentacene/pentacene organic heterojunction as the efficient charge generation layer (CGL). Not only more than two time enhancement of external quantum efficiency but also significant improvement in both power efficiency and lifetime are well achieved. The mechanism investigations find that the electron injection from the CGL to the adjacent electron transport layer (ETL) in tandem devices is injection rate-limited due to the high interface energy barrier between the CGL and the ETL. By the capacitance-frequency (C-F) and low temperature current density-voltage (J-V) characteristic analysis, we confirm that the electron transport is a space-charge-limited current process with exponential trap distribution. These traps are localized states below the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital edge inside the gap and would be filled with the upward shift of the Fermi level during the n-doping process. Furthermore, both the trap density (H_t) and the activation energy (E_a) could be carefully worked out through low temperature J-V measurements, which is very important for developing high performance tandem OLEDs.