年間を通じたゲルと固定家屋の利用実態中国・内モンゴル自治区東ウジェムチン旗における牧畜民の定着化と居住環境変化

摘要

1．　はじめに1－1．研究の目的本論は，中国・内モンゴル自治区のモンゴル族牧畜民を対象とし，定着化に伴う居住環境の変化について，移動住居であるゲル注1）gerと固定家屋であるバイシン注2）由軸・の利用実態及び使い分けに着目して明らかにすることを目的とする。%This paper analyzed the changes of living environments by the settling of Mongolian people focusing on the separation of fixed houses and Ger. 1) Because the clear borderlines were drawn between each households' land in the 1980s, the travel distances have drastically decreased from some hundred kilometers to some kilometers. 2) Within the limited pasture areas, the location of fixed houses and how often and when they temporarily move are determined in view of problems such as population growth, grass damage and fountainhead lack. Ger was, therefore, used during all seasons on the short- to long-term based although fixed houses are pervasive throughout the region. 3) Both tendencies were found at the same time; reduction and simplification of Ger utilization and possession and application of traditional Ger due to the settling.