無尽方式に起源をもつ「住宅無尽」• 「月賦住宅」会社の系譜と供給手法の意義

摘要

This paper aims to describe the role of housing companies rooted in mutual loan system in Japan's housing supply from Taisho period to postwar period. The significances of these companies called "Jutaku Mujin", "Geppu Jutaku" were analyzed as follows. These companies can be traced back to older age, they were more various in marketing method and locality than previously known, and most of them had strong connection in personnel. Though "Jutaku Mujin" companies developed since 1930s and "Geppu Jutaku" companies developed since 1950s, existed laws had difficulty to regulate them, so some of them were likely to be recognized as social problem. "Geppu Jutaku" companies developed and had about estimated 7% share of privately provided houses especially in 1960s. These companies have not been succeeded nowadays, but they had significance that they could supply houses which government couldn't covered.%本稿は大正期から第二次世界大戦後にかけて無尽方式で住宅を販 売した会社及びそれに起源を持つ会社、とくに当時「住宅無尽」「月 賦住宅」会社と呼ばれた会社群に着目し、これらの会社の系譜とそ の供給手法の意義について考察することを目的とする。当該期は住宅組合や関東大震災後の同潤会、戦後の住宅金融公庫 や住宅公団など公営住宅から公法人、補助や融資といった多様な住 宅供給手法が整備され、持ち家が定着していく期間に当たる。日本の持家率は1941(昭和16)年当時人口 20万人以上の24都市で平 均22.4%だったのが、戦後に急増し、高度経済成長期に一時借家 率が上昇するものの、1980年代まで一貫して上昇していく。