Making thermal sensors accurate and invisible with an anisotropic monolayer scheme

摘要

Temperature measurement is particularly significant for various fields such as industrial production and daily life, so high-performance thermal sensors become indispensable. However, bare thermal sensors inevitably distort original temperature profiles, making them inaccurate and thermally visible. Different from existing methods, here we propose an anisotropic monolayer scheme to avoid thermal sensors from distorting local and background temperature profiles, making them accurate and thermally invisible. For arbitrarily given thermal conductivities of sensors and backgrounds, we design metashells with anisotropic thermal conductivities, and perform finite-element simulations in two or three dimensions. We further experimentally fabricate a metashell with anisotropic thermal conductivity based on the effective medium theory, which confirms the feasibility of our scheme. Our results are beneficial to advance the performance of thermal detection, and may also provide guidance for other physical fields.