Regularized Estimation of Magnitude and Phase of Multi-Coil $B_1$ Field Via Bloch–Siegert $B_1$ Mapping and Coil Combination Optimizations

摘要

Parallel excitation requires fast and accurate $B_1$ map estimation. Bloch–Siegert (BS) $B_1$ mapping is very fast and accurate over a large dynamic range. When applied to multi-coil systems, however, this phase-based method may produce low signal-to-noise ratio estimates in low magnitude regions due to localized excitation patterns of parallel excitation systems. Also, the imaging time increases with the number of coils. In this work, we first propose to modify the standard BS $B_1$ mapping sequence so that it avoids the scans required by previous $B_1$ phase estimation methods. A regularized method is then proposed to jointly estimate the magnitude and phase of multi-coil $B_1$ maps from BS $B_1$ mapping data, improving estimation quality by using the prior knowledge of the smoothness of $B_1$ magnitude and phase. Lastly, we use Cramer-Rao lower bound analysis to optimize the coil combinations, to improve the quality of the raw data for $B_1$ estimation. The proposed methods are demonstrated by simulations and phantom experiments.