When Do Environmentally Focused Assistance Projects Achieve their Objectives? Evidence from World Bank Post-Project Evaluations

摘要

Since the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, industrialized countries have generally agreed to provide significant environmental assistance in exchange for developing country participation in global environmental agreements that address ozone depletion, biodiversity conservation, and climate change. Bilateral aid agencies and multilateral development banks have made significant efforts to "green" their grant and loan portfolios, including by integrating environmental activities into development projects.Funding for stand-alone environmental projects increased from roughly $6 billion a year in 1992 to more than $15 billion a year in 2008.