Analysis of human plasma proteins: a focus on sample collection and separation using free-flow electrophoresis

摘要

Due to ease of accessibility, plasma has become the sample of choice for proteomics studiesndirected towards biomarker discovery intended for use in diagnostics, prognostics and evennin theranostics. The result of these extensive efforts is a long list of potential biomarkers, verynfew of which have led to clinical utility. Why have so many potential biomarkers failednvalidation? Herein, we address certain issues encountered, which complicate biomarkerndiscovery efforts originating from plasma. The advantages of stabilizing the sample atncollection by the addition of protease inhibitors are discussed. The principles of free-flownelectrophoresis (FFE) separation are provided together with examples applying to variousnstudies. Finally, particular attention is given to plasma or serum analysis usingnmultidimensional separation strategies into which the FFE is incorporated. The advantages ofnusing FFE separation in these workflows are discussed.