Woke-washing: 'intersectional' femvertising and branding 'woke' bravery

摘要

PurposeThis paper aims to explore how and why ideas regarding "intersectional" approaches to feminism and Black activism are drawn on in marketing content related to the concept of being "woke" (invested in addressing social injustices). It considers which subject positions are represented as part of this and what they reveal about contemporary issues concerning advertising, gender, race and activism.Design/methodology/approachThis study involves an interpretive and critical discursive analysis of so-called feminist advertising ("femvertising") and marketing examples that make use of Black social justice activist ideas.FindingsFindings illuminate how marketing simultaneously enables the visibility and erasure of "intersectional", feminist and Black social justice activist issues, with the use of key racialised and gendered subject positions: White Saviour, Black Excellence, Strong Black Woman (and Mother) and "Woke" Change Agent.Research limitations/implicationsThis research signals how brands (mis)use issues concerning commercialised notions of feminism, equality and Black social justice activism as part of marketing that flattens and reframes liberationist politics while upholding the neoliberal idea that achievement and social change requires individual ambition and consumption rather than structural shifts and resistance.Practical implicationsThis work can aid the development of advertising standards regulatory approaches which account for nuances of stereotypical representations and marketing's connection to intersecting issues regarding racism and sexism.Originality/valueThis research outlines a conceptualisation of the branding of "woke" bravery, which expands our understanding of the interdependency of issues related to race, gender, feminism, activism and marketing. It highlights marketing responses to recent socio-political times, which are influenced by public discourse concerning movements, including Black Lives Matter and Me Too.