Aspects of Energy Supply of a Northern Metropolis - the Case of Oslo

摘要

What does the reader usually associate with Oslo? Capital of Norway and residence of the King, high latitude, cold climate, little sunshine, the North Sea. Of course, the list might immediately be extended: Olympic Winter Games 1952, Holmenkollen, with regards to sports. Then, concerning Norway as a whole and energy issues in particular: Oil reserves and their exploration in the North Sea, abundant water resources and their use for prolific electricity generation. Oslo is located at nearly 60° latitude north at the most inward bay of the Oslo-Fjord which stretches northward from the northern end of where Skagerrak and Kattegat meet. Except from Scandinavia, Oslo can be reached only by ship or by airplane. Its port has about six million visitors annually arriving as well as an unloading of around 125,000 containers per year [1]. Oslo's main airport, Gardermoen, had seen 27.5 million passengers in the year 2017 [2]. These figures give an indication of the extent to which Oslo is an economic centre enmeshed in international relations. As such it contributes significantly to the economic performance of Norway as a whole. This country's gross domestic product per capita had amounted in 2016 to an impressive US $60,000 approximately [3].