Die Westuralregion und ihre Ressourcen an Scandium und anderen Seltenen Erdmetallen

摘要

In den letzten 15 Jahren wurden an der Akademie der Wissenschaften Rußlands (Adw) Technologien entwickelt, die es erlauben, Scandium, Yttrium und Lanthanide aus Abgängen der Kali- und Kohleindustrie sowie aus Reststoffen der Eisen- und Nichteisenmetallurgie des westlichen Urals zu gewinnen und daraus die verschiedensten Verbindungen herzustellen. Diese neuen Technologien wurden in der wissenschaftlichen Produktionsvereinigung „Anorganische Werkstoffe" und in anderen Betrieben des westlichen Urals eingeführt. Die in der AdW entwickelten Verfahren haben zwei Aufgaben gelöst: die Entgiftung dieser Abgänge von radioaktiven Verbindungen bei der Aufarbeitung und die Gewinnung von Seltenen Erden (SE) und deren Verbindungen.%There are gigantic volumes of rare earths contained in the waste products and dump stocks of the potash and coal industry and also in the residual materials of the ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy plants in the Western Ural. In particular, this concerns the production of titanium, vanadium, niobium and tantalum from concentrates of ilmenit and loparit. During the last 15 years, technologies were worked out in the Academy of Sciences of Russia, which make it possible to derive scandium, yttrium, lanthanides and their compounds from these wastes. These new technologies were implemented at the institutional production facility "Inorganic materials" and other Western Ural plants. The specific method of producing metal from residual materials has to be chosen according to the metal concentration in the given residual materials. In the case of macroquantities (1 to 20%) it is possible to separate compounds of low solubility. In the case of microquantities (0.1 to 0.01%), the efficient methods to obtain scandium, yttrium, rare earths, thorium and its decomposition products are co-separation, co-crystallization, sorption, extraction and ion exchange. The technologies worked out by the Academy of Sciences have solved two problems: the decontamination of the waste products from radioactive compounds during working off procedures and the production of rare earths and their compounds.