LIFE-CYCLE TOXICITY OF 4-NONYLPHENOL TO MEDAKA (ORYZIAS LATIPES)

摘要

We studied the chronic effects of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) on reproductive status of medaka (Oryzias latipes) over two generations of continuous exposure. The exposure study of the parental (F_0) medaka was begun on embryos within 24 h postfer- tilization and continued with monitoring through embryological development, hatching, posthatch survival, growth, sexual differ- entiation, and reproduction under flow-through exposures to mean measured 4-NP concentrations of 4.2, 8.2, 17.7, 51.5, and 183 μg/L for up to 104 d. Eggs spawned from the F_0 fish at 102 and 103 d posthatch were also examined for hatchability, survival after hatching, growth, and sexual differentiation until 60 d posthatch.