AIRCRAFT AND RUNWAY DEICERS AT GENERAL MITCHELL INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, USA. 2. TOXICITY OF AIRCRAFT AND RUNWAY DEICERS

摘要

Streams receiving runoff from General Mitchell International Airport(GMIA). Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, were studied to assess toxic impacts of aircraft and runway deicers. Elevated levels of constituents related to deicing(propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, and ammonia)were observed in stream samples. The LC 50s of type I deicer for Ceriodaphnia dubia, Pimephelas promelas, Hyalela azteca, and Chironimus tentans and EC50 for Microtox~R were less than 5,000 mg/L of propylene glycol. Concentrations Up to 39,000 mg/L were observed at airport outfall sites in samples collected deicing events.