In 1970, French author Robert Guillain viewed with dismay "a dark ring of tall, smoking chimneys" creeping toward the shoreline across from one of the most famous sites in Japan: Miyajima, a sacred island bearing a shrine that at high ride seems to float on the sea. At the time, however, smokestack emissions were considered no threat. Quite the opposite: seven-colored smoke was viewed as an omen of prosperity.
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