Stress and charge

摘要

The piezoelectric effect was originally discovered in 1880 by French physicists Jacques and Pierre Curie, and, before World War Ⅱ, researchers discovered that certain ceramic materials could be made piezoelectric when subjected to a high polarising voltage, a process analogous to magnetising a ferrous material. One of the first practical applications of the technology was made in the 1920s by another Frenchman, Langevin, who developed a quartz transmitter and receiver for underwater sound - the first sonar. But it was only in the 1950s that manufacturers begin to use the piezoelectric effect in industrial sensing applications.