The European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA) foresees a share of PV-gen-erated electricity above 10% in 2020. But, this is only feasible ifrnthe cost of the photovoltaic systems (around €4/W for an industrial system) can be reduced by a factor of 2 to 3, and this will require some technological breakthroughs. In this article, four photovoltaic technologies are discussed inrnview of these objectives: crystalline Si solar cells, organic solar cells, concentrators and thermophotovoltaic cells.rnThere are other mature solar-cell concepts studied worldwide, such as amorphous-Si-based solar cells, II-VI-based solar cells (CIGS or CdTe), or dye-sensitized solar cells, as well as some exploratory concepts, generally described by the term "third-generation PV-concepts," which will not be covered here.
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