Using Emergency Preparedness Strategies to Anticipate and Manage Emotional Responses and Distress during Pandemics

摘要

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted every country in the world. The responses and outcomes to the pandemic have varied by country. The variations have been associated with the culture, governance, and resources of each country. Emergency preparedness follows the four phases of planning: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. These phases are integral for a mature and functional emergency plan. Most plans do not factor in the emotional responses and mental health consequences of a pandemic. The purpose of this review is to develop a pandemic strategy that uses the four phases of emergency preparedness planning for training and addressing emotional responses and mental health outcomes of a catastrophic global infectious disease outbreak. Methods: The literature on COVID-19 emergency preparedness and mental health outcomes was reviewed. Results: Emotional reactions to public health measures vary depending on the clarity of communication and guidance by the leaders of each affected community. Isolation, anxiety, and depression are common responses to the impact of a pandemic. Risk factors for depression and mental health challenges include people who are essential frontline health and service workers, isolation, economic insecurity, and the duration of the quarantines. Conclusion: This commentary reviews the various nonmedical factors that contribute to stress and mental health challenges in a pandemic. Recommendations are given for planning and interventions in each of the 4 phases of emergency preparedness.