The Monitoring of Organophosphorus and Carbamate Insecticides and Heavy Metal Contents in Paddy Field Soils, Water and Rice ( Oryza sativa L.)

摘要

The aim of this work was to monitor organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in paddy field soils, water and rice plants by measuring anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, and heavy metal contents by an atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that the percentages of anti-acetylcholinesterase activities were found in the order of shoot soil root grain water. Concentrations of heavy metals in all samples were found in the following order: FeMnNiPbZn, particularly Fe, Ni and Pb were found in concentrations exceeding their maximum permissible levels in all samples of water and rice plants. Interestingly, principal component analysis confirmed positive correlations (significantly: P FeMnNi or Pb, Zn or Ni Pb or Mn Fe, PbZn or Mn or FeNi, and ZnPbMnNiFe, respectively. These data support developing a useful biomarker to monitor organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides and heavy metals, and management programs in health promotion and toxic surveillance for insecticides and heavy metals in food and environments.