Ecological changes in geological media and Siverskyi Donets River basin under the condition of goal mines flooding

摘要

Complex economic, geological-technological state of coal mines and impact of the armed conflict factors (the breakdown of energy supply, objects of critical infrastructure, etc.) accelerated closure of coal mines by the method of “wet preservation” in particular. In most developed EU countries decommissioning of coal mines, which have great depth (up to 1,0-1,5 km) and areas of minefields, occurs according to the post-mining (PM) research and production complex, which is based on the scientific and technological activities regarding prevention of dangerous changes in the geological environment (GE) - subsidence of ground surface, lands flooding, emission of explosive and toxic gases as well as reduction of outflows of polluted water into the local river basins (RB) and the soil aquifer. Additionally, PM suggests some mining works turning into the hydraulic-filtration system of mine water retention at a depth of 250-350 m with a purpose of preventing pollution flow into the freshwater aquifers and river network, preserving regional aquitards, degassing of mountain surface. In general, the PM activities complex aims at maintaining the balance and protective potential of the GE as mineral and landscape basis of the biosphere, elimination of dangerous changes in ecological parameters of the hydrographical network. It is shown that new models of subsoil and water use, geological prospecting structure, scientific basis for permissible changes in GE and RB are required together with closure of “old” mining works (MW) and opening of new ones, improvement of the environment monitoring based on GIS technologies and Earth remote sensing.