Suppressor tRNA-based Biosensors for Detecting Analytes

摘要

A nonsense suppressor tRNA (sup-tRNA) allows a natural or non-natural amino acid to be assigned to a nonsense codon in mRNA.Sup-tRNAs were utilized initially for studying tRNA functions but lately are used more for protein engineering and gene regulation.In the latter application, a sup-tRNA that is aminoacylated with a natural amino acid by the corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is used to express a full-length natural protein from its mutated gene with a nonsense codon in the middle.This type of sup-tRNA has recently been artificially evolved to develop biosensors.In these biosensors, an analyte induces the processing of an engineered premature sup-tRNA into a mature sup-tRNA, which suppresses the corresponding nonsense codon incorporated into a gene, encoding an easily detectable reporter protein.This review introduces sup-tRNA-based biosensors that the author’s group has developed by utilizing bacterial and eukaryotic cell-free translation systems.