With the development of economic globalization, the competition among enterprises is increasingly fierce. Therefore, companies need close information sharing to realize the integration of supply chain. This article aims to study the collaborative management and information sharing mechanism of supply chain inventory based on cloud computing and 5G Internet of Things. This article first introduces the theory and methods of collaborative supply chain management and the information exchange mechanism and then discusses the problem of information sharing in the supply chain, that is, the bullwhip phenomenon, and then from the demand forecast, supply chain structure, time lag, and shortage game, six aspects are analyzed. The cause of the bullwhip phenomenon is analyzed. Secondly, this article proposes a quantitative analysis of the bullwhip effect, establishes a mathematical model of the bullwhip effect in the supply chain, and uses quantitative analysis to analyze the value of information sharing in the supply chain. Finally, this article uses cloud computing technology to build a supply chain information collaboration system architecture and uses EPC Internet of Things to build a supply chain information sharing model and describes the entire operation process of the supply chain. The experimental results of this paper show that the application of cloud computing technology to supply chain management establishes a system platform for supply chain information sharing, improves the overall operational efficiency of supply chain management, and realizes supply chain information sharing and business collaboration. In addition, the operating costs and risks of each node enterprise in the supply chain are reduced by 12% compared with the nonsharing situation, which also shows that the overall benefits of the supply chain have been correspondingly improved and market competitiveness has been enhanced.
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