Effects of co-exposure to CS 2 and noise on hearing and balance in rats: continuous versus intermittent CS 2 exposures

摘要

Carbon disulfide (CS2) exacerbates the effect of noise on hearing, and disrupts the vestibular system. The goal of this study was to determine whether these effects are also observed with intermittent CS2 exposure. Rats were exposed for 4?weeks (5?days/week, 6?h/day) to a band noise at 106?dB SPL either alone or combined with continuous (63?ppm or 250?ppm) or intermittent (15?min/h or 2?×?15 min/h at 250?ppm) CS2. Hearing function was assessed by measuring distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs); balance was monitored based on the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Functional measurements were performed before, at the end of exposure and 4?weeks later. Histological analyses of the inner ear were also performed following exposure and after the 4-week recovery period. The results obtained here confirmed that CS2 exposure exerts two differential temporary effects on hearing: (1) it attenuates the noise-induced DPOAE decrease below 6?kHz probably through action on the middle ear reflex when exposure lasts 15?min per hour, and (2) continuous exposure to 250?ppm for 6?h extends the frequency range affected by noise up to 9.6?kHz (instead of 6?kHz with noise alone). With regard to balance, the VOR was reversibly disrupted at the two highest doses of CS2 (2?×?15?min/h and continuous 250?ppm). No morphological alterations to the inner ear were observed. These results reveal that short periods of CS2 exposure can alter the sensitivity of the cochlea to noise at a dose equivalent to only 10 times the short-term occupational limit value, and intermittent exposure to CS2 (2?×?15?min/h) can alter the function of the vestibular system.