Involuntary Unemployment and Fiscal Policy for Full-Employment

摘要

In this paper we show the existence of involuntary unemployment based on consumers’ utility maximization and firms’ profit maximization behavior under perfect competition with decreasing or constant returns to scale technology using a three-period overlapping generations (OLG) model with a childhood period as well as younger and older periods, and analyze the effects of fiscal policy financed by tax and budget deficit (or seigniorage) to realize full-employment under a situation with involuntary unemployment. We show the following results. 1) In order to maintain the steady state where employment increases at some positive rate, we need a budget deficit (Proposition 1). 2) If the full-employment state is realized, we do not need budget deficit to maintain full-employment (Proposition 2).