Many bacteria use flagellum-driven motility to swarm or move collectively over a surface terrain. Bacterial adaptations for swarming can include cell elongation, hyperflagellation, recruitment of special stator proteins, and surfactant secretion, among others. We recently demonstrated another swarming adaptation in Escherichia coli , wherein the chemotaxis pathway is remodeled to decrease tumble bias (increase run durations), with running speeds increased as well. We show here that the modification of motility parameters during swarming is not unique to E. coli but is shared by a diverse group of bacteria we examined— Proteus mirabilis , Serratia marcescens , Salmonella enterica , Bacillus subtilis , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa —suggesting that increasing run durations and speeds are a cornerstone of swarming.
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