Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancretography for bile duct stones with residual cystic duct stones in patients with situs inversus totalis

摘要

Total visceral inversion (TSI) is a rare congenital malformation,which was first reported in 1600. 1 Likes all vertebrates, humansestablish anatomic left-right asymmetry during embryogenesis.Variation from this normal arrangement (situs solitus) results inheterotaxy, expressed either as randomization (situs ambiguus)or complete reversal (situs inversus) of normal organ position. 2The incidence of such cases is extremely low, and the incidenceof mirror people in the normal population is reported in the litera-ture, the incidence of male was slightly higher than that of female,different visceralpositions do notcause organ defects and generallydo not affect normal life.