Ameliorative Effect of Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum L.) Seeds Ethanolic Extract on High Fat Diet-prompted Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Rat Model: Impact on 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase and Vascular Endothelial Growth Facto

摘要

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs by excrescent hepatic fat accumulation without the excessive intake of dietary alcohol and can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. This study explored the ameliorative effect of ethanolic extract of garden cress seeds (EEGS) in rat NAFLD model. Rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 (Control, Standard diet + distilled water) fed on the standard diet. Group 2 (HFD + distilled water) and 3 (HFD + EEGS fed highfat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Beginning from the seventh week, groups 3 (HFD + EEGS) and 4 (Standard diet + EEGS) fed EEGS 400mg/kg b.w/day till the end of the experiment. HFD-fed rats had increased body weight, serum liver enzymes leakage, hyperlipidemia, and an occurrence of hepatic oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, NAFLD, and NASH. Compared to the HFD group, EEGS treatment lowered TAG, LDL-C, TC, downregulation of hepatic HMGCR, and VEGF expression and prevented from obesity, NAFLD, NASH, and fibrosis. EEGS treatment in the HFD group increased GSH, SOD, CAT activities, and a decreased MDA and nitric oxide level. The data concludes that, daily administration of EEGS 400mg/kg b.w for six weeks is safe and possess hepatoprotective, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, anti-angiogenic, and anti- steatosis characteristics in HFD-induced NAFLD.