Practical Guideline for Screening the Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Persian Gulf Criteria for Diagnosis of COVID-19

摘要

The new Coronavirus disease or COVID-19 is a contagious viral/immune-logical systemic disorder with predominantly respiratory features caused by human infection with SARS-CoV-2, which is rapidly spreading from person-to-person all around the world as a pandemic. The new outbreak of COVID-19 first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019. This virus is transmitted from human to human in various ways including air, aerosol, touching, and fecal-oral ways. The SARS-CoV-2 survives for several days in the environment. The SARS-CoV-2 virus multiplies within the cells of mouth-throat or nose-throat, and despite the production of antibodies by the human immune system, if the virus continues to multiply and progress, it will enter the bloodstream and reach its target organ, the lungs. It takes an incubation period of one to fourteen days for the initial symptoms/signs of disease to appear as fever, dry cough, and fatigue. Finally, shortness of breath due to pneumonia/pneumonitis with or without Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) causes the patient to be hospitalized and transferred to ICU. Older people with underlying disorders account for the majority of deaths from COVID-19, while children under the age of 15 - 20 are the main carriers of the SARS-CoV-2. About 40% of patients with COVID-19 are asymptomatic and, 40% mild, 15%; severe, and 5% are critical COVID-19. COVID-19 Molecular Diagnostic Tests and COVID-19 Antibody Tests are two types of diagnostic kit tests for identification of the SARS-CoV-2 and the High Resolution Computerised Tomography (HRCT) scanning of lungs is the best imaging method for detecting pneumonia/pneumonitis and assessing its severity. This paper is intended to present a health system called COVID-19 Referral System for screening and developing very sensitive diagnostic criteria as Persian Gulf Criteria for diagnosis of COVID-19. By using these two methods and performing the SARS-CoV-2 kit tests more and more widely, and performing accurate isolation of patients and virus carriers and complete quarantine of red zones, it is possible to successfully control the SARS-CoV-2 epidemics.