Los sistemas biofloc: una estrategia eficiente en la producci?3n acu?-cola

摘要

Fish farming in Colombia is the livestock activity that has reported the highest growth in the last decade, improving the development indicators of the agricultural sector. To make its production more efficient, the implementation of the Biofloc Systems (SB) is proposed, aggregates of microbial communities in the form of flocs integrated by bacteria, phytoplankton, organic and inorganic matter, easily generated in the ponds, under conditions of constant recirculation of water, high oxygenation and supplementation with carbon rich sources; provided conditions to exercise control of water quality, by natural processes (metabolism of oxygen and nitrogen), made by bacteria, phytoplankton and some algae; that capture and immobilize the ammonia produced in the pond (nitrification processes), to produce bacterial protein of excellent quality, easily exploitable by fish, which is reincorporated into the trophic system of the pond maximizing the production of fish meat per unit area; with a minimum use of water resources (Minimum water exchange systems), so it decreases the possibility of entry of pathogens and diseases to the pond having a relevant role in the biosecurity of the pond, in addition to its activity as controller of populations of pathogenic bacteria. Likewise, a positive effect has been found in the development and estimation of some defense mechanisms of the immune system of fish and shrimp, supporting their role as immunostimulant compounds. These also present other nutritional advantages such as the increase rate of ingestion, digestion, absorption, food conversion, growth, positive effects on digestive enzymatic activity and others; even improving reproductive performance, indicators of fecundity, spawning and biochemical composition of eggs in some aquaculture species.