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Energy Study of Monte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Algorithms for Solving Integral Equations

机译:求解积分方程的蒙特卡洛和拟蒙特卡洛算法的能量研究

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摘要

In the past few years the development of exascale computing technology necessitated to obtain an estimate for the energy consumption when large-scale problems are solved with different high-performance computing (HPC) systems. In this paper we study the energy efficiency of a class of Monte Carlo (MC) and Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) algorithms for a given integral equation using hybrid HPC systems. The algorithms are applied to solve quantum kinetic integral equations describing ultra-fast transport in quantum wire. We compare the energy performance of the algorithms using a GPU-based computer platform and CPU-based computer platform both with and without hyper-threading (HT) technology. We use SPRNG library and CURAND generator to produce parallel pseudo-random (PPR) sequences for the MC algorithms on CPU-based and GPU -based platforms, respectively. For our QMC algorithms Sobol and Halton sequences are used to produce parallel quasi-random (PQR) sequences. We compare the obtained results of the tested algorithms with respect to the given energy metric. The results of our study demonstrate the importance of taking into account not only scalability of the HPC intensive algorithms but also their energy efficiency. They also show the need for further optimisation of the QMC algorithms when GPU-based computing platforms are used.
机译:在过去的几年中,当使用不同的高性能计算(HPC)系统解决大规模问题时,必须开发百亿亿次计算技术才能估算出能耗。在本文中,我们研究了使用混合HPC系统的给定积分方程的一类Monte Carlo(MC)和Quasi-Monte Carlo(QMC)算法的能效。该算法用于求解描述量子线中超快速传输的量子动力学积分方程。我们比较使用和不使用超线程(HT)技术的基于GPU的计算机平台和基于CPU的计算机平台算法的能量性能。我们使用SPRNG库和CURAND生成器分别为基于CPU和基于GPU的平台上的MC算法生成并行伪随机(PPR)序列。对于我们的QMC算法,Sobol和Halton序列用于生成并行的准随机(PQR)序列。我们将测试算法相对于给定能量度量的获得结果进行比较。我们的研究结果表明,不仅要考虑HPC密集型算法的可扩展性,而且还要考虑其能效。他们还表明,在使用基于GPU的计算平台时,需要进一步优化QMC算法。

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