Antarctic Tourism: The Responsibilities and Liabilities of Tour Operators and State Parties

摘要

History recorded that environmental emergencies had occurred several times; as a result, of Antarctic tourism. The rules of the Antarctic Treaty System, apart from the Liability Annex, set out some reasonable rules. Using the qualitative method, this paper argues that the Liability Annex, which is yet to be enforced, is far from perfect in preserving the environment of Antarctic. Therefore, this paper recommends guidelines to be formed where possible approaches can be adopted in the guidelines in relation to the issue of responsibilities of tour operators and state parties to facilitate environment concerns in favoring Antarctic tourism.