The Challenge of Ratification and Application of Specific Regional Based Declaration for Railway Industry in ASEAN Mainland: The National Culture Perspective

摘要

The ratification and application of regional based declarations and agreements in ASEAN is a challenging task. Protocol 6 of ASEAN Framework Agreement on Facilitation of Goods in Transit (AFAFGIT), which specified on railways border and interchange stations, is an example of regional specific declaration, which had neither been ratified nor applied. The non-ratification and application of the said protocol is very much influenced by various surrounding factors. National culture factors, particularly the power distance, uncertainty avoidance and individualism or collectivism, had contributed quite obvious towards the non-ratification and application of the Protocol 6 of AFAFGIT.