Migration has contributed to the emergence of certain infectious diseases. To determine which infectious diseas-es were most common among 2 mobile immigrant groups (sub-Saharan Africans and Latin Americans) in Spain, we analyzed health and demographic characteristics of 2,198 immigrants referred to the Tropical Medicine Unit of Ramón y Cajal Hospital over a 20-year period. The most frequent di-agnoses were for latent tuberculosis (716 patients [32.6%]), fi lariasis (421 [19.2%]), hepatropic virus chronic infection (262 [19.2%]), intestinal parasites (242 [11.0%]), and ma-laria (212 [9.6%]). Health screening of immigrant popula-tions is needed to ensure early diagnosis and treatment of potentially transmissible infections
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