Nodding syndrome (NS) is an unexplained neurological illness that so far has been reported in onchocerciasis endemic areas in South Sudan, northern Uganda and Tanzania (Mahenge). NS mainly occurs in children between 5 and 15 years of age. The syndrome starts with involuntary nodding of the head in a previously healthy child. As the disease progresses different types of epileptic seizures occur, in some children accompanied by gradual cognitive deterioration. Some children present with stunted growth without secondary sexual characteristics.
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