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Psychrophilic and Psychrotolerant Fungi on Bats and the Presence of Geomyces spp. on Bat Wings Prior to the Arrival of White Nose Syndrome

机译:蝙蝠上的嗜冷性和抗精神病性真菌以及土霉菌的存在。白鼻子综合症到来之前蝙蝠的翅膀

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Since 2006, Geomyces destructans , the causative agent of white nose syndrome (WNS), has killed over 5.7 million bats in North America. The current hypothesis suggests that this novel fungus is an invasive species from Europe, but little is known about the diversity within the genus Geomyces and its distribution on bats in the United States. We documented the psychrophilic and psychrotolerant fungal flora of hibernating bats prior to the arrival of WNS using culture-based techniques. A total of 149 cultures, which were obtained from 30 bats in five bat hibernacula located in four caves and one mine, were sequenced for the entire internal transcribed spacer (ITS) nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) region. Approximately 53 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 97% similarity were recovered from bat wings, with the community dominated by fungi within the genera Cladosporium , Fusarium , Geomyces , Mortierella , Penicillium , and Trichosporon . Eleven Geomyces isolates were obtained and placed in at least seven distinct Geomyces clades based on maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analyses. Temperature experiments revealed that all Geomyces strains isolated are psychrotolerant, unlike G. destructans , which is a true psychrophile. Our results confirm that a large diversity of fungi, including several Geomyces isolates, occurs on bats prior to the arrival of WNS. Most of these isolates were obtained from damaged wings. Additional studies need to be conducted to determine potential ecological roles of these abundant Geomyces strains isolated from bats.
机译:自2006年以来,白鼻综合症(WNS)的病原体Geomyces destructans已在北美杀死了超过570万只蝙蝠。当前的假设表明,这种新型真菌是来自欧洲的一种入侵物种,但是人们对地霉菌属内的多样性及其在美国蝙蝠上的分布知之甚少。我们使用基于文化的技术记录了WNS到来之前冬眠蝙蝠的嗜冷和抗精神真菌的菌群。从位于四个洞穴和一个矿山的五个蝙蝠冬虫科中的30个蝙蝠获得的149种培养物,对整个内部转录间隔区(ITS)核糖体DNA(nrDNA)区域进行了测序。从蝙蝠翼中回收了约53个相似度为97%的操作分类单位(OTU),该群落主要由Cladosporium,Fusarium,Geomyces,Mortierella,Penicillium和Trichosporon属内的真菌主导。根据最大似然系统发育分析,获得了11个Geomyces分离株,并将其放置在至少7个不同的Geomyces进化枝中。温度实验表明,分离出的所有Geomyces菌株都是抗精神病的,与真正的嗜嗜性菌G. destructans不同。我们的结果证实,在WNS到来之前,蝙蝠上会出现多种真菌,包括几种Geomyces分离株。这些分离物大多数是从受损的机翼获得的。还需要进行其他研究,以确定从蝙蝠中分离出来的这些丰富的Geomyces菌株的潜在生态作用。

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